Energy Levels and High-vitamin Diets
Good nutrition is very important regardless of which sport
you do. A variety of nutrients are needed in your daily diet to keep fit and
healthy.
A balanced diet should provide the right proportions of
carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals, water and dietary
fiber.
Energy is the most important nutritional factor for any form
of physical activity. Carbohydrate and fat are the main fuels used by
exercising muscles. Vitamins and minerals are also crucial in energy
metabolism. A diet deficient in vitamin and minerals can compromise sporting
performance.
The importance of a high-vitamin diet
In order to obtain vitamins and minerals, athletes need to
eat a wide assortment of nutrient-dense foods in amounts that will maintain
energy balance. This means that a person must consume 1,200 to1,500
kilo-calories a day.
Meeting vitamin and mineral requirements when energy intake
is 3,000 kcal/day or higher (as is among male and female ice hockey and cross
country skiers) is actually easy. Even athletes whose energy intakes may be
about 2,000 kcal/day can meet their vitamin and mineral needs from food alone.
As long as a wide variety of foods are eaten, vitamin and
mineral intake is adequate. Supplementation therefore is not necessary.
High in vitamins are fruits and vegetables. Many of these
are good antioxidants sources as well. High-color food choices mean high
vitamin content thus high energy storage. Look for yellow-orange, red, deep
green, and blue in your food. For athletes, five to nine fruit and vegetable
servings are recommended each day. Grains also contain both vitamins and
minerals.
Is more better?
Athletes usually meet two-thirds or more of the Recommended
Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamins and minerals. Athletes who have high
calorie intakes of about 5,000 to 6,000 kcal/day may achieve 200% or more of
the RDA for some vitamins and minerals just from foods they eat.
Despite this fact, most of the athletes who are concerned
with sports nutrition take supplements to boost performance. While vitamin and
mineral deficiencies impair physical performance, research indicates that
supplementation of a nutritionally adequate sports diet does not improve
physical work capacity, endurance, oxygen consumption, cardiovascular function,
muscle strength, or resistance to fatigue.
For example, because B-vitamins release energy from
nutrients, athletes with high energy expenditures have increased requirements
for B-vitamins. However, eating more food provides the needed extra
B-vitamins.
When are vitamin supplements needed?
Vitamin supplements are commonly used if an athlete’s diet
is not enough for his energy requirements.
Vitamin supplements provide "health insurance," as sort of
back-up to ensure optimal sports nutrition.
Multivitamin supplements with no more than 100% of the Daily
Value (DV.) provide a safe and adequate balance of vitamins. However, it should
not be forgotten that the goal is still to eat a wide variety of foods. Food
contains fiber and a multitude of phytochemicals that provide many health
benefits.
Supplements should never be replacements for food. While
many sports supplements contain the antioxidant beta carotene, at least 450
carotenoids are only found in food. Antioxidant value exists in other carotenoids
as well.
Minerals for injury prevention
Minerals like calcium, iron, and zinc are especially
important for athletes.
Recommendations of calcium intake are based on levels than
can promote calcium retention, maximize bone mineral density, and inhibit bone
loss. Lower calcium intake subjects the athlete to increased risk of stress
fracture. Food that provide good calcium stores are the following: dairy
products, fish with bones, broccoli, and fortified cereals and juices.
Iron makes up hemoglobin, myoglobin and oxidative enzymes
and affects oxygen transport and aerobic metabolism. To achieve optimal
aereobic endurance, consuming adequate amounts is a must. Iron depletion, the
first stage of iron deficiency is the most common type of iron deficiency among
athletes. Lean red meats, dark poultry, fortified cereals, whole grains, and
legumes are good iron sources.
Zinc, which is found in meat, poultry, seafood, and whole
grains, is essential for protein synthesis, healing, and immune function. Zinc
is also found in antioxidant enzymes and enzymes involved in energy metabolism.
Although minerals are needed to work hand-in-hand with
vitamins to ensure good sports nutrition, we must remember that consuming any
mineral excessively can interfere with digestion and the absorption of other
minerals. This may lead to mineral imbalances. Also, all minerals can be toxic
in large doses.
Good nutrition is very important regardless of which sport
you do. A variety of nutrients are needed in your daily diet to keep fit and
healthy.
A balanced diet should provide the right proportions of
carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals, water and dietary
fiber.
Energy is the most important nutritional factor for any form
of physical activity. Carbohydrate and fat are the main fuels used by
exercising muscles. Vitamins and minerals are also crucial in energy
metabolism. A diet deficient in vitamin and minerals can compromise sporting
performance.
The importance of a high-vitamin diet
In order to obtain vitamins and minerals, athletes need to
eat a wide assortment of nutrient-dense foods in amounts that will maintain
energy balance. This means that a person must consume 1,200 to1,500
kilo-calories a day.
Meeting vitamin and mineral requirements when energy intake
is 3,000 kcal/day or higher (as is among male and female ice hockey and cross
country skiers) is actually easy. Even athletes whose energy intakes may be
about 2,000 kcal/day can meet their vitamin and mineral needs from food alone.
As long as a wide variety of foods are eaten, vitamin and
mineral intake is adequate. Supplementation therefore is not necessary.
High in vitamins are fruits and vegetables. Many of these
are good antioxidants sources as well. High-color food choices mean high
vitamin content thus high energy storage. Look for yellow-orange, red, deep
green, and blue in your food. For athletes, five to nine fruit and vegetable
servings are recommended each day. Grains also contain both vitamins and
minerals.
Is more better?
Athletes usually meet two-thirds or more of the Recommended
Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamins and minerals. Athletes who have high
calorie intakes of about 5,000 to 6,000 kcal/day may achieve 200% or more of
the RDA for some vitamins and minerals just from foods they eat.
Despite this fact, most of the athletes who are concerned
with sports nutrition take supplements to boost performance. While vitamin and
mineral deficiencies impair physical performance, research indicates that
supplementation of a nutritionally adequate sports diet does not improve
physical work capacity, endurance, oxygen consumption, cardiovascular function,
muscle strength, or resistance to fatigue.
For example, because B-vitamins release energy from
nutrients, athletes with high energy expenditures have increased requirements
for B-vitamins. However, eating more food provides the needed extra B-vitamins.
When are vitamin supplements needed?
Vitamin supplements are commonly used if an athlete’s diet
is not enough for his energy requirements.
Vitamin supplements provide "health insurance," as sort of
back-up to ensure optimal sports nutrition.
Multivitamin supplements with no more than 100% of the Daily
Value (DV.) provide a safe and adequate balance of vitamins. However, it should
not be forgotten that the goal is still to eat a wide variety of foods. Food
contains fiber and a multitude of phytochemicals that provide many health
benefits.
Supplements should never be replacements for food. While
many sports supplements contain the antioxidant beta carotene, at least 450
carotenoids are only found in food. Antioxidant value exists in other carotenoids
as well.
Minerals for injury prevention
Minerals like calcium, iron, and zinc are especially
important for athletes.
Recommendations of calcium intake are based on levels than
can promote calcium retention, maximize bone mineral density, and inhibit bone
loss. Lower calcium intake subjects the athlete to increased risk of stress
fracture. Food that provide good calcium stores are the following: dairy
products, fish with bones, broccoli, and fortified cereals and juices.
Iron makes up hemoglobin, myoglobin and oxidative enzymes
and affects oxygen transport and aerobic metabolism. To achieve optimal
aereobic endurance, consuming adequate amounts is a must. Iron depletion, the
first stage of iron deficiency is the most common type of iron deficiency among
athletes. Lean red meats, dark poultry, fortified cereals, whole grains, and
legumes are good iron sources.
Zinc, which is found in meat, poultry, seafood, and whole
grains, is essential for protein synthesis, healing, and immune function. Zinc
is also found in antioxidant enzymes and enzymes involved in energy metabolism.
Although minerals are needed to work hand-in-hand with
vitamins to ensure good sports nutrition, we must remember that consuming any
mineral excessively can interfere with digestion and the absorption of other
minerals. This may lead to mineral imbalances. Also, all minerals can be toxic
in large doses.